Image source:https://www.javatpoint.com/r-data-types
Image source:http://venus.ifca.unican.es/Rintro/dataStruct.html
x <- 100
x <- c("apple", "banana", "mango")
y <- c(12, 45, 87, 90)
z <- 1:100
y * 5
## [1] 60 225 435 450
z + y
## [1] 13 47 90 94 17 51 94 98 21 55 98 102 25 59 102 106 29 63
## [19] 106 110 33 67 110 114 37 71 114 118 41 75 118 122 45 79 122 126
## [37] 49 83 126 130 53 87 130 134 57 91 134 138 61 95 138 142 65 99
## [55] 142 146 69 103 146 150 73 107 150 154 77 111 154 158 81 115 158 162
## [73] 85 119 162 166 89 123 166 170 93 127 170 174 97 131 174 178 101 135
## [91] 178 182 105 139 182 186 109 143 186 190
x + y
## Error in x + y: non-numeric argument to binary operator
x[2]
## [1] "banana"
y[2:3]
## [1] 45 87
z[ z > 23 & z < 56]
## [1] 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
## [26] 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
round(pi, digits = 4)
## [1] 3.1416
x <- c("low", "high", "medium", "high", "low", "medium", "high")
response <- factor(x)
response
## [1] low high medium high low medium high
## Levels: high low medium
response <- factor(x, levels = c("low", "medium", "high"))
response
## [1] low high medium high low medium high
## Levels: low medium high
y <- matrix(data = 1:12, nrow = 4, ncol = 3)
dim(y)
## [1] 4 3
ncol(y)
## [1] 3
nrow(y)
## [1] 4
y[2, 3]
## [1] 10
y[2:3, ]
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 2 6 10
## [2,] 3 7 11
cities <- list(
city = c("Kampala", "London", "Paris"),
population = c(1.51, 8.8, 2.1)
)
cities
## $city
## [1] "Kampala" "London" "Paris"
##
## $population
## [1] 1.51 8.80 2.10
cities[[2]]
## [1] 1.51 8.80 2.10
cities$city
## [1] "Kampala" "London" "Paris"
Modify a specific entr
cities$city[2] <- "New York"
Add a new element
cities$country <- c("Uganda", "USA", "France")
cities
## $city
## [1] "Kampala" "New York" "Paris"
##
## $population
## [1] 1.51 8.80 2.10
##
## $country
## [1] "Uganda" "USA" "France"
dat <- data.frame(
city = c("Kampala", "London", "Paris"),
population = c(1.51, 8.8, 2.1)
)
dat
## city population
## 1 Kampala 1.51
## 2 London 8.80
## 3 Paris 2.10
dat[1:2, ]
## city population
## 1 Kampala 1.51
## 2 London 8.80
dat$city[2]
## [1] "London"
dat[dat$population > 2, "city"]
## [1] "London" "Paris"